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The Birth of the Integral Sign
October 29, 1675 · Leibniz wrote the elongated S that became the integral sign
On October 29, 1675, in Paris, Gottfried Leibniz wrote the elongated S that became the integral sign. He needed one mark for summing infinitely many tiny pieces of a curve — area, change, accumulation. That single character still carries the idea across centuries of mathematics and science. A simple symbol can help compress a profound idea and form it into a building block that we can then build with.
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